One new species of Fallopia sect. Pleuropterus (Polygonaceae) is described from the central part of Korea. Fallopia koreana B. Oh et J. Kim is easily distinguished from F. ciliinervis and F. multiflora by its primarily branched spikes, few trichomes on peduncle, weakly developed perianth wings, twining stem to the left, projected stigma surface, and three broad wings twisted at fruit apex. A key to the three species of this section known from Korea is provided.