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Korean J. Pl. Taxon > Volume 53(4); 2023 > Article
자옥취, 취나물속의 일신종

적 요

강원도 청옥산에서 자라는 취나물속(Saussurea)의 신종을 자옥취(Saussurea daeganensis)로 기재했다. 이 종은 백두대간에 해당하는 고지대 깊은 산의 임상에 자라는 우리나라 고유종으로 화서부를 제외한 줄기 에 털이 없으며, 근생엽이 화기에 시들어 없어진다. 경생엽은 난형을 기본으로 하는 점첨두, 심장저이고, 엽 연에 치아상 거치가 발달하며, 윗면에 돌기상 짧은 털이 있고, 아랫면은 분녹색으로 털이 없다. 줄기와 가지 의 끝에 8–15개 전후의 두화가 엉성한 산방화서를 이룬다. 총포는 넓은 통형으로 길이 1–1.7 cm, 너비 0.4–0.6 cm로서 연갈색 거미줄털이 밀생한다. 총포편은 표면이 자갈색을 띠고, 포편의 끝은 뾰족하지만 길어지거 나 반곡하지 않는다. 국내 Saussurea 중 형태적으로 유사한 종은 서덜취, 각시서덜취, 당분취이나, 자옥취는 줄기와 잎 아랫면에 털이 없고, 총포편의 중간 이상이 자갈색을 띠어서 형태적으로 구별된다.

Abstract

Saussurea daeganensis, a new endemic species to Korea, is reported in this study. Among Korean Saussurea, S. daeganensis resembles S. macrolepis (Nakai) Kitam. S. grandifolia Maxim. and S. tanakae Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim. morphologically, i.e., in terms of the leaf shape, loose synflorescences, and tubular heads. Saussurea daeganensis, however, can be distinguished from other congeneric Korean Saussurea by having abaxially pale green glabrous leaves and purplish green on the middle and upper part of the phyllaries with an acute apex.

INTRODUCTION

Saussurea DC. (Compositae) is composed of approximately 380–415 species (Lipschitz, 1979; Shih, 2011), occurring mainly at high altitudes in Asia. While some species, such as S. maximowiczii Herd., S. grandifolia Maxim., and S. odontolepis Maxim., occur widely throughout northeastern Asia, others are very narrowly restricted to limited regions as a consequence of local geographical adaptations. Among 38 Korean Saussurea, 17 species are endemics and four of them are recently recognized; S. chabyougsanica H. T. Im (Im et al., 1997), S. grandicapitulata W. Lee & H. T. Im (Lee and Im, 2007), S. albifolia M. J. Nam & H. T. Im (Sun et al., 2021), S. namhaedoana J. M. Chung & H. T. Im (Sun et al., 2022). Saussurea is a highly diversified taxon actually and further discovery of new Saussurea species in Korea is highly anticipated. Recently, in the course of studying Korean endemic plants, we discovered a new species of Saussurea endemic to the Baekdudaegan area (Mt. Cheongoksan) in Korea.

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Saussurea daeganensis W. G. Kim & H. T. Im, sp. nov. (Fig. 1).—TYPE: KOREA. Gangwon-do: Samcheok-si, Hajang-myeon, Jungbong-ri, Mt. Cheongoksan, Jeolgol, elev. 1,030 m, 23 Sep 2020, H. T. Im & W. G. Kim 228870a & 228870b (holotype: CNU!).
Korean name: Ja-ok-chui (자옥취).
Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes obliquely prostrating with many fibrous rootlets. Stems erect, loosely branched, 3– 5.5 mm in diam. at base, 45–85 cm long, striate on upper part, glabrous except synflorescence. Leaves alternate, radical leaves in rosettes, wither away before blooming; petioles 8– 20 cm long; blades cordate, 8–16 × 6–13 cm, apex acute, acuminate, base cordate, margins toothed; adaxial surface green, pubescent, abaxial surface pale green, glabrous; median and upper cauline leaves gradually smaller upward, petiolate or sessile, blades cordate, ovate, lanceolate. Heads 8–15 in subcorymbose synflorescence, 0.9–1.3 cm in diam.; peduncles 0.2–1.2 cm long; involucre cylindrical, 1–1.7 cm × 4–6 mm, grey-white cobwebby; phyllaries 6–7-seriate, outer phyllaries oval-lanceolate, apex mucronate or acute; middle phyllaries oblong or oblong-lanceolate; inner phyllaries linear. Florets pale purple; corolla tubular, 8.5–10 mm long, wide part and narrow part equal in length, limb 5-lobed. Cypselae cylindrical, 4.5–6 mm long; pappus bristles 2-seriate; outer series 0.4–1.8 mm long; inner series grayish white, 8.5–10 mm long.
Flowering: September to October.
Distribution: Forest bed in high mountain region of Mt. Cheongoksan, Gangwon-do, Korea.
Specimens examined: KOREA. Gangwon-do: Samcheok-si, Hajang-myeon, Jungbong-ri, Jeolgol–Gojeokdae, elev. 1,110 m, 29 Aug 2020, H. T. Im & W. G. Kim 228891, 228886 (CNU).
Some natives around Mt. Cheongoksan have gathered young leaves of S. daeganensis as wild greens called “Jaok.” Wild animals, especially roe deer, feed on S. daeganensis, thus fully grown and bolting individuals are rare. As a newly described species, S. daeganensis can be distinguished from its congeneric species in Korea primarily by the following characteristics: loosely branched glabrous stem (Fig. 1D); abaxial surface of leaves pale green and glabrous (Fig. 1G); middle and upper part of outer phyllaries purplish green (Fig. 1H).
Among the Korean Saussurea, S. macrolepis (Nakai) Kitam., S. grandifolia Maxim., and S. tanakae Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim. are morphologically similar to S. daeganensis by having loosely branched long stems, radical leaves that wither away before blooming, cordate to ovate leaves with acuminate tip, subcorymbose synflorescence, cylindrical to campanulate involucre with grey-white cobwebby. Major morphological differences between S. daeganensis and three morphologically similar species are shown in Table 1. The dichotomous key for the above four Saussurea species is presented below. Saussurea daeganensis, however, can be distinguished from other congeneric Korean Saussurea by having abaxially pale green, glabrous leaves, involucre cylindrical, and purplish green on the middle and upper part of phyllaries with acute apex.
  • 1. Involucre campanulate.

    • 2. Stem with rachis ··········································· S. tanakae

    • 2. Stem without rachis ································ S. grandifolia

  • 1. Involucre (wide) cylindrical.

    • 3. Abaxial leaves sparsely villous especially on midrib, involucre wide cylindrical, middle phyllaries purplish green at tip ················································ S. macrolepis

    • 3. Abaxial leaves glabrous, involucre cylindrical, middle phyllaries purplish green on middle and upper part ········ ··································································· S. daeganensis

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202304101).

NOTES

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Fig. 1.
Characteristics of Saussurea daeganensis W. G. Kim & H. T. Im. A. Habit. B. Rhizome. C. Bud. D. Stem glabrous. E. Branched synflorescence tomentose. F, F-a. Adaxial leaf surface. G, G-a. Abaxial leaf suface glabrous. H. Synflorescence before blooming. I. Synflorescence at full blooming. J. Synflorescence after blooming. K. Involucre. L. Florets. M. Cypselae with pappus.
kjpt-53-4-301f1.jpg
Table 1.
Comparison of morphological characteristics and distribution pattern between newly described Saussurea daeganensis and morphologically similar species, S. macrolepis, S. grandifolia and S. tanakae.
Characters S. daeganensis S. macrolepis S. grandifolia S. tanakae
Stem Glabrous Sparsely villous Sparsely villous Villous with rachis
Abaxial surface of leaves Glabrous Sparsely villous especially on midrib Sparsely villous especially on midrib Villous
Involucre Cylindrical Wide cylindrical Campanulate Campanulate
Distribution Endemic to high mountain region around Mt. Cheongoksan, Korea Endemic to mountainous region of Korea Widely distribute to mountainous region in Korea and NE China Widely distribute to mountainous region in Korea, Japan and China

LITERATURE CITED

Im, H.-T. Hong, H.-H and Choi, C.-I. 1997. Saussurea chabyoungsanica Im (Compositae), a new species from Mt. Chabyoung- san, Korea. Journal of Plant Biology 40: 288-290.
crossref pdf
Lee, W.-T and Im, H.-T. 2007. Saussurea grandicapitulata W. Lee et H. T. Im (Compositae), a new species from the Taebaek Mountains, Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 37: 387-393.

Lipschitz, S. 1979. Genus Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Nauka, Leningrad. 281 pp.

Shih, Z. 2011. Genus Saussurea DC. Flora of China. 20– 21: Wu, Z. Y. Raven, P. H. Hong, D. Y (eds.), Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, MO. 2-56.

Sun, E.-M. Yun, S. A. Kim, S.-C. Chung, J.-M and Im, H.-T. 2022. Saussurea namhaedoana (Compositae), a new species from Namhaedo Island. Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 52: 97-101.

Sun, E.-M. Yun, S. A. Kim, S.-C. Chung, G.-Y. Nam, M.-J and Im, H.-T. 2021. Saussurea albifolia M. J. Nam & H. T. Im (Compositae), a new species from the Baekdudaegan Area, Korea. Journal of Species Research 10: 159-163.

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