Amblovenatum immersum (Thelypteridaceae): A new record for the flora of Vietnam

Article information

Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 2022;52(2):108-113
Publication date (electronic) : 2022 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2022.52.2.108
1Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Viet Nam
2Institute of Forest Tree Improvement and Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
3Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Viet Nam
4Independent Researcher, 37, Lane 656, Chung Cheng Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
5Biodiversity & Palaeobiology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, India
6Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Corresponding author Joongku LEE, E-mail: joongku@cnu.ac.kr
Received 2022 February 25; Revised 2022 March 28; Accepted 2022 June 22.

Abstract

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar (Thelypteridaceae) is newly recorded in Vietnam. It is similar to A. terminans (Panigrahi) J. P. Roux in its woody rhizome and cristate spores but differs in terms of its plant size, lobed pinnae, lobed segments, veinlets, sori and indusia. It was previously found to exist in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand as well as in east Africa, tropical America, northern Australia and Micronesia. The present study provides a detailed description, photos, and line drawing of the species. Furthermore, a comparison of the diagnostic characters with the closely related species in Vietnam A. terminans is provided.

INTRODUCTION

The genus Amblovenatum was first recognized by J. P. Roux in 2009 (Roux, 2009). It consists of 12–15 species distributed in India, Australia, Malesia, and the Pacific islands, especially in New Guinea (Holttum, 1971). So far, the genus was known by a single species A. terminans in Vietnam. However, comprehensive research including nomenclatural review and critical study of the type specimens was awaited to confirm the actual number of species for the genus.

During our routine survey work in Gia Lai province, north highland of Vietnam, we collected several specimens of Amblovenatum. A comparison was made between those with morphologically similar A. terminans (Table 1). On the basis of available literature (Holttum, 1977; Loc, 2001; Roux, 2009), and careful investigation of specimens of Amblovenatum in the herbaria of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (HN) and Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TAIF), our specimen was identified as A. immersum (Blume) Mazumdar, the first record for Vietnam (Fig. 1). While checking TAIF specimens, we found some specimens of A. immersum collected from Lam Dong province (Vietnam), however, they were never been critically examined and documented for its occurrence in Vietnam. Here, we provide a detailed description, habitat, distribution, color photographs, illustration and comparison table for easy identification of Amblovenatum immersum.

Morphological comparison of Amblovenatum immersum with A. terminans.

Fig. 1.

Distribution map of Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar in Vietnam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The newly recorded species was collected at Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in Vietnam. The specimens collected from the natural habitats were thoroughly processed using standard herbarium techniques (Jain and Rao, 1977) and deposited in HN. Specimens housed in TAIF, K, L and P (acronym follows Thiers, 2020) were also scrutinized. Morphological characters were studied by consulting the relevant literature (Holttum, 1971, 1977; Tagawa and Iwatsuki, 1988; Roux, 2009; Mazumdar, 2017).

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar, Int. J. Adv. Res. Innov. Ideas Educ. 3: 5960, 2017; Aspidium immersum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 156, 1828; Thelypteris immersa (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 6: 306, 1936; Amphineuron immersum (Blume) Holttum. in B. K. Nayar & S. Kaur, Companion Handb. Ferns Br. India 203, 1974. (Figs. 24).—TYPE: INDONESIA: Java, C. L. Blume s.n. (holotype: L, isotype: K, K000548430, photo!).

Fig. 2.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Middle pinnae. B. Pinna. C. Segments. D. Sporangia. E. Scales (Drawings by D. H. Son, based on Son 75 [HN]).

Fig. 3.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Habitat. B, C. Habit. D. Rhizomes. E. Middle pinnae.

Fig. 4.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Habit. B. Middle pinnae. C. Pinna. D. Pinnae adaxial view. E. Pinnae abaxial view. F, G. Segments. H. Veins on adaxial side. I. Lobes and sori. J. Sporangia. K. Scale.

Plants 2.6–3 m tall. Rhizomes strong, woody, and ascending. Fronds approximately 2 m long; stipes nearly 1 m long, ca. 1 cm in diam., bases with thick lanceolate scales, distally with sparse short setae, dark stramineous; laminae oblong-lanceolate, 150–190 × 55–60 cm, bases nearly tapering or sometimes proximal pair of pinnae slightly shortened, pinnate-pinnatifid, acuminate and pinnatifid at apices, papery, when dry grass-green, pinnae abaxially ± with yellow spherical small glands along veins, elsewhere glabrous, adaxially along grooves with dense grayish white fine and long acicular hairs and along veins sparsely shortly hairy; pinnae mostly subopposite, spreading, sessile; middle pinnae linear-lanceolate, 25–35 × 2–3 cm, bases symmetrical, truncate, pinnatifid and reaching both narrow wings of costae, lobed to 1 mm from costa or deeper; lobes separated by wide sinuses, almost at right angles to costa, not falcate, distal lobes more oblique; apices caudate-acuminate; segments 60–70 pairs, flatly spreading, pectinately arranged, linear, 8–14 × 2–3 mm, entire, rounded or acute at apices. Veins evident, lateral veins simple, 10–14 pairs per segment, proximal pair arising from base of costules, all reaching margins above sinuses or basal acroscopic veinlet close to sinus. Sori orbicular, medium-sized, dorsifixed at middle of lateral veins, 8–10 pairs per segment; indusia orbicular-reniform, somewhat leathery, glabrous, sulfur-colored glands along margins, persistent. Sporangia with slender stalks which bear short hairs with glandular tips like the glands on indusia. Spores orbicular-reniform, perispore echinate.

Distribution: Vietnam (Gia Lai and Lam Dong Provinces), S. China (W. Hainan), Malesia, N. Queensland, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands (Fig. 1).

Ecology, habitat, and conservation status: Amblovenatum immersum grows on slopes, secondary forests, roadside, and exposed disturbed areas at an elevation range of about 800 m a.s.l., in association with Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens (Wall. ex Hook.) Ching, Pronephrium megacuspe (Baker) Holttum, Pneumatopteris truncata (Poir.) Holttum, Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, Ficus sp., Lithocarpus sp., Madhuca sp., Musa sp., Dioscorea sp., Lygodium sp., Polystichum sp., and Chromolaena sp. We found its distribution in Gia Lai province consisting of at least 10 to 15 mature individuals in >10 populations. Its distribution in Bao Loc Pass in Lam Dong province is documented here based on the specimen record at the Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TAIF). Further field investigations are needed to confirm its occurrence in other areas of Vietnam. In accordance with the IUCN Red List Categories (2012, ver. 3.1), we propose a temporary listing of this taxon under the Data Deficient (DD) category.

Specimens examined: VIETNAM. Gia Lai Province: Kbang District, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, 14º31′11″N, 108º36′31″E, elev. 870 m, 6 Sep 2018, Son H. D. Son 75 (HN). Lam Dong Province: Da Huoai District, Bao Loc pass, 28 Jun 2018, elev. 407 m a.s.l., Cheng-Wei Chen et al. 5182 (TAIF).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful for the support received from the Institute of Forest Tree Improvement and Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (grant no. ĐL0000.03/22-23) and Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST). It is also supported by the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019K2A9A1A0609774512), Korea. RKC is grateful to the Director, Agharkar Research Institute for facilities and encouragements.

Notes

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

References

Holttum RE. 1971;Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19:17–52.
Holttum RE. 1977;Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23:205–218.
Jain SK, Rao R. R. 1977. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publishers New Delhi: p. 150.
Loc PK. 2001. Thelypteridaceae. Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam 1In : Ban NT, Nguyen N. T, eds. Agriculture Publishing House. Hanoi: p. 1111–1124.
Mazumdar J. 2017;Nomenclatural changes in Indian ferns. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education 3:5960–5961.
Roux JP. 2009;Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23:1–296.
Tagawa M, Iwatsuki K. 1988. Pteridophytes. Flora of Thailand, Vol. 3, Parts 3 In : Smitinand T, Larsen K, eds. Chutima Press. Bangkok: p. 297–480.
Thiers BM. 2020. The World’s Herbaria 2020: A summary report based on data from Index Herbariorum. Retrieved Feb. 25, 2022, available from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The_World_Herbaria_2020_7_-Jan_2021.pdf.

Article information Continued

Fig. 1.

Distribution map of Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar in Vietnam.

Fig. 2.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Middle pinnae. B. Pinna. C. Segments. D. Sporangia. E. Scales (Drawings by D. H. Son, based on Son 75 [HN]).

Fig. 3.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Habitat. B, C. Habit. D. Rhizomes. E. Middle pinnae.

Fig. 4.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar. A. Habit. B. Middle pinnae. C. Pinna. D. Pinnae adaxial view. E. Pinnae abaxial view. F, G. Segments. H. Veins on adaxial side. I. Lobes and sori. J. Sporangia. K. Scale.

Table 1.

Morphological comparison of Amblovenatum immersum with A. terminans.

Characters A. immersum A. terminans
Plant size (m) 2.6–3 0.4–1
Pinnae Sessile Subsessile
Lobes Lobed to 1 mm from costa or deeper; lobes separated by wide sinuses Lobed to one third to half of the costa
Segments 60–70 pairs 20–35 pairs
Veinlets per lobe 10–14 pairs 6–8 pairs
Veinlets Proximal pair arising from base of costules, all reaching margins above sinuses or basal acroscopic veinlet close to sinus Proximal pair anastomosing, next 1–1.5 pairs running to sinus membrane
Sori Dorsifixed at middle Marginal
Indusia Sulfur-colored glands along margins No glands along margins